This course explores the integration of reasoning and modeling into mathematics instruction, emphasizing the development of students' problem-solving and critical thinking skills through Type II (Reasoning) and Type III (Modeling and Application) items faced on high stakes assessments. Participants are guided through the process of constructing meaningful questions, analyzing student thinking, and fostering deeper mathematical understanding. The session aims to prepare educators to shift their instructional practices to emphasize reasoning, justification, and real-world application of mathematics.